The upregulation of MMP-8, MMP-9 and IL-8 in whole CMPs from preterm labor may indicate the involvement of an intrauterine infection. These results suggest that CMP MMP-2 reflects the non-leukocyte dependent cervical remodeling that occurs in early pregnancy, whereas MMP-8 and MMP-9 are involved in the defense against ascending infections primarily located to the distal compartment of the CMP. In the preterm whole CMPs, MMP-8, MMP-9 and IL-8 were 2 to 5 fold increased compared to term whole CMPs. MMP-8 and MMP-9 concentrations were several fold increased in this compartment during pregnancy compared to the non-pregnant state. MMP-8, MMP-9, and IL-8 were mainly found in the distal CMP compartment. The MMP-2 and TIMP-1 concentrations were alike in the CMP-dists and the whole CMPs. Consequently, the molar TIMP/MMP ratio was 40 in the non-pregnant state and 0.2 at term. ![]() High concentrations of TIMP-1 were found in both the non-pregnant and early pregnant CMP-dists with a 90% decline at term. MMP-2 was not detectable in the non-pregnant CMP-dists whereas high concentrations were found in early pregnancy followed by an 85% decline at term. Protein concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Whole CMPs shed during active vaginal term (n = 15) and preterm (n = 4) labor were also included. MethodsĪn aliquot of the distal plug compartment facing the vaginal microflora (CMP-dist) was collected from non-pregnant (n = 15), early pregnant (n = 15) and term pregnant women (n = 15). ![]() This study was therefore conducted to describe the concentrations of MMP-2, TIMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-9 in the CMP in relation to gestational age, IL-8 as an indicator of inflammation, compartment of the CMP, and preterm labor. Their physiological and pathophysiological implications, however, remain to be elucidated, and CMPs from preterm labor have never been examined. Women who have bloody show should closely monitor themselves for other symptoms of labor.High concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have been identified in the cervical mucus plug (CMP) at term of pregnancy. ![]() At other times, bloody show may be pink or streaked with blood. It can also appear translucent with very little blood. Unlike other types of bleeding, bloody show has a thick, gelatinous, and sometimes stringy texture. Women who have bloody discharge long before their due date should seek immediate medical attention. Light spotting, or implantation bleeding, can occur during early pregnancy, when the fertilized egg attaches to the lining of the womb.Įxperiencing inflammation or polyps on the cervix can also cause light bleeding.īleeding heavily during the second and third trimesters may indicate a serious complication involving the placenta, such as placenta previa or placental abruption. Bleeding during pregnancy is a source of concern for many women, but it does not always indicate pregnancy loss or a complication.Ĭertain types of bleeding, including bloody show, are perfectly normal during pregnancy. However, the length of time between having bloody show and entering labor can vary significantly between women.īloody show is not a medical emergency. It occurs during the tail end of a pregnancy, just before a woman goes into the labor. Share on Pinterest A person who has concerns about bloody show should speak to a doctor.īloody show is a type of vaginal discharge that contains mucus tinged with either bright red or dark brown blood.
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